A new article was just posted on the Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering website about the decade that HIDRA has spent at CPMI and the University of Illinois. Learn more about the research device at the heart of Illinois’ fusion program and what the future will look like.
CPMI and NPRE Research Associate Professor Daniel Andruczyk and his former student Rabel Rizkallah published a paper this month in the Journal of Fusion Energy. The title of the paper is “Rapid Vapor-Driven Plasma Contamination and Suppressed Net Lithium Surface Loss in the HIDRA Stellarator” and looks at a phenomenon with liquid metal walls in fusion reactors called vapor shielding. This is one potential way to protect the underlying surface and reduce the amount of heat flux that hits it. This paper shows the first evidence of vapor shielding in HIDRA and a toroidal reactor. Before that it has been observed in laboratory and linear devices such as at DIFFER in the Netherlands. Rable currently is currently at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) and works on the DIII-D device.
The reference for the article is Rabel Rizkallah et al., Journal of Fusion Energy (2026) 45:39, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10894-026-00582-y
A new Illinois EnergyProf video was posted last week!
Check it out down below.
A new video from Professor David Ruzic, Illinois EnergyProf, about how nuclear power is used in space. It discusses previous space fission systems, radioisotope thermoelectric generators, and nuclear electric propulsion and how each of these work and might be used.
Congratulations to the three newest doctors from CPMI and Illinois Plasma Institute. On Thursday May 14th, Christian Williams, Daniel O’Dea, and Tag Choi had their hooding ceremony at State Farm Center. Congratulations and good luck to them!
The Center for Plasma-Material Interactions had the honor of hosting representatives from Tokyo Electron (TEL) for a tour on campus in the Nuclear Radiation Lab. Tokyo Electron is a leading company in the semiconductor industry that manufactures the equipment that produces those semiconductors. Illinois and TEL have been collaborators since 2020 through the Illinois Plasma Institute, founded by CPMI’s director David Ruzic. This visit served to continue that collaboration in research and industry.
Last week Daniel Andruczyk, Brady Moore, and Kenta Kawashimo attended the 6th US-Japan Workshop on “Power and Particle Control in a Steady-State Magnetic Fusion DEMO Reactor by Liquid Metal Plasma Facing Components” which was hosted at the National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS) in Toki Japan. The conference was held from February 18th – 20th.
This is a small but very targeted conference on using liquid metals in the next demonstration fusion power plants. There were excellent presentations and fruitful discussions between participants across 10 institutions, including national laboratories, universities, and private companies. Several of the US participants were from institutions that are part of the FIRE collaborative (PPPL, Penn State) which is tasked with advancing the maturity of liquid metal plasma facing components and technology.
One of the highlights of the trip was the opportunity to visit and go inside the Large Helical Device (LHD), which was one of the world’s premiere fusion devices. The machine now has ceased operation allowing for the opportunity to go inside.
The next installment of this conference will be hosted at UIUC by the Center for Plasma Material Interactions (CPMI) and the Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering (NPRE) where we hope to show off the world class liquid metal facilities we have here and also our own toroidal device, HIDRA.
A big thank you to our hosts at NIFS and Dr. Suguru Masuzaki, who organized and hosted a wonderful conference.
Congratulations to Professor Ruzic for his remarkable achievement in receiving the IUVSTA (The International Union for Vacuum Science, Technique and Applications) Prize for Technology! This prestigious award is only given out once every three years, one for technology and one for science. Not only does it require the support of a winner’s own society, but also internationally.
The IUVSTA Prize for Technology recipient receives a cash award, travel to the conference, a struck medal, and a certificate. This prize will be presented at the International Vacuum Congress (IVC-23) in Sydney, Australia this September. Professor Ruzic will also be invited to give a plenary talk as the congress.
This achievement demonstrates Professor Ruzic’s pioneering work in magnetron sputtering development and the use of liquid lithium in fusion technology. Make sure to give him your congratulations when you see him!
Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) is one of the cutting-edge leading technologies in a semiconductor industries. For tin Cross Section Measurements, the mean free path of an ion as it travels through the EUV source is dependent on the cross section. For tin Diffusion Coefficient Measurements, tin vapor, generated as ions neutralize, diffuses throughout the system. Deposition rate depends on tin flux. Tin can be cleaned by H2 etching, forming SnH4 vapor. SnH4 sticking coefficients for other EUV relevant surfaces need to be measured. Tin exposed to H radicals can become brittle and eject solid particles (tin spitting). Size, velocity, and rate of particle ejection need to be characterized to ensure they will not damage other EUV components.
CO2 drive lasers are a vital component of current EUV lithography tools. Up to 60-80% of the CO2 dissociates into CO and O during operation of ICP. Oxygen creates parasitic species (Ox, NOX) which lower laser efficiency. Auxiliary plasmas are being studied to dissociate parasitic species and preferentially recombine CO and O into CO2. We installed Au o Cu catalyst to see the effect on CO2 recombination after ICP discharge.
CPMI is a big proponent of lithium as the most promising fusion PFC with both Dr. Ruzic and Dr. Andruczyk having extensive experience and current projects working with lithium or its alloys.
